Graham, and Auke Tellegen constituted the committee responsible for the standardization, with Beverly Kaemmer serving as coordinator for the University of Minnesota Press. In 1982 the University of Minnesota Press resumed publication of the MMPI – it had licensed publication to The Psychological Corporation in the mid-1950s - for the purpose of embarking upon a restandardization of the test. Additionally, leading personality assessment experts criticized the heterogeneity of the clinical scales and the very high correlations between them. population, and a number of the items were deemed outdated or offensive because of sexual or religious content. The original locally developed norms were considered not representative of the U.S. Furthermore, the test was being translated into foreign languages - by 1976 over 50 translations were available.ĭespite the widespread use of the test, by the 1970s, there were calls for its revision. In addition to extensive use in clinics and hospitals, the test was being administered to patients in general medical settings, to inmates in correctional facilities, to military personnel, and to candidates for positions involving high stress and responsibility for public safety. A manual for the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory, a broad-band clinical test of personality, was published in 1942 by the University of Minnesota Press (Hathaway & McKinley, 1942).Īcceptance of the test grew steadily (Dahlstrom, 1992) until by the late 1950s, the MMPI had become the most widely used objective measure of personality and psychopathology, and the subject of both basic and applied research. The new test was to be a departure from existing self-report personality inventories, which were viewed as too transparent and, therefore, vulnerable to manipulation by test takers, and too narrow to serve as omnibus measures of psychopathology.Īdopting an empirical approach to scale construction, Hathaway and McKinley (1940) described their intention “to create a large reservoir of items from which various scales might be constructed in the hope of evolving a greater variety of valid personality descriptions than are available at the present time” (p. Charnley McKinley, a neuropsychiatrist, began to develop an instrument for use in the Department of Psychiatry at the University of Minnesota Hospital that they described “as an objective aid in the routine psychiatric case work-up of adult patients and as a method of determining the severity of the conditions” (Dahlstrom, 1972, p. Hathaway, a clinical psychologist, and J. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice. Assessment practices of professional psychologists: Results of a national survey. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press. The MMPI-2 restructured clinical (RC) scales: Development, validation, and interpretation. Manual for the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory. MMPI-A (Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-Adolescent): Manual for administration, scoring, and interpretation. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.īutcher, J. MMPI-2: Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2. MMPI-2-RF (MMPI-2-restructured form) manual for administration. San Antonio: Psychological Corporation.īen-Porath, Y. Manual for the Beck Depression Inventory-II. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.īeck, A. These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory.Psychologists sampled from the membership rolls of the American. 1992) and the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-Restructured Form (MMPI-2-RF Ben-Porath and Tellegen 2008). The MMPI-2 is one of the three updated versions of the original Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI Hathaway and McKinley 1943) the other two are the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-Adolescent (Butcher et al. Test responses are organized into scales intended to provide information regarding the presence of psychopathology and other personality characteristics. Most examinees complete the test on their own in 60–90 min. Appropriate for individuals aged 18 years or older, the test requires examinees to respond “true” or “false” to 567 statements describing various personal characteristics, behaviors, experiences, and beliefs. 1989) is a well-researched, broadband measure of psychopathology.
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